mongodb 4.0副本集搭建的全过程

前言

近期有同学问mongodb副本集难不难部署，我的回答是不难，很快，几分钟搞定，比mysql/' target='_blank'>mysql MHA简单的不止一点半点。 那么到底如何部署呢？请看下文。

1. 准备工作

1.1 下载软件

选择版本并下载mongodb的软件，注意操作系统版本等。本次我选用的是percona分支的mongodb 4.2.8版本搭建，操作系统为centos6

cd /usr/local/wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-server-mongodb-LATEST/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8/binary/tarball/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gztar -zxvf percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gzln -s percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8 mongodb

1.2 规划各节点角色

各节点角色如下

IP　 port　 role 192.168.128.208 27017 PRIMARY 192.168.128.209 27017 SECONDARY 192.168.128.209 28017 ARBITER

2 部署

2.1 创建各节点相关目录

创建数据目录、日志目录等相关目录

[root@m1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/27017/{data,logs,tmp,etc,keyfile}[root@m1 ~]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/[root@m1 27017]# ll总用量 20drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 datadrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 etcdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 keyfiledrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 logsdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月 7 16:59 tmp

2.2 配置文件

创建配置文件，并添加对应的配置信息，注意仲裁节点的端口

[root@m1 27017]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/etc/[root@m1 etc]# vim mongod.conf添加如下内容storage: dbPath: /data/mongodb/27017/data journal: enabled: truesystemLog: destination: file logAppend: true path: /data/mongodb/27017/logs/mongod.logprocessManagement: fork: true pidFilePath: /data/mongodb/27017/tmp/mongod.pidnet: port: 27017 bindIp: 0.0.0.0replication: replSetName: "test1"     # 副本集名称

2.3 启动各节点

以其中一个节点为例，其他节点修改对应配置文件即可

[root@m1 local]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.forked process: 30019child process started successfully, parent exiting

2.4 初始化副本集

初始化副本集，指定各节点id及角色，注意副本集的名称和配置文件里一致。

在任意节点执行如下语句

> use adminswitched to db admin> rs.initiate( {... _id: "test1",... members: [... { _id: 0, host: "192.168.128.208:27017" },... { _id: 1, host: "192.168.128.209:27017" },... { _id: 2, host: "192.168.128.209:28017",arbiterOnly:true }... ] }){ "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {  "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),  "signature" : {   "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),   "keyId" : NumberLong(0)  } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1)}

完成后可以查看各集群状态,如下，可见当前192.168.128.208:27017 为PRIMARY节点

test1:PRIMARY> rs.status(){ "set" : "test1", "date" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:24.454Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "syncingTo" : "", "syncSourceHost" : "", "syncSourceId" : -1, "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "majorityVoteCount" : 2, "writeMajorityCount" : 2, "optimes" : {  "lastCommittedOpTime" : {   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),   "t" : NumberLong(1)  },  "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),  "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),   "t" : NumberLong(1)  },  "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),  "appliedOpTime" : {   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),   "t" : NumberLong(1)  },  "durableOpTime" : {   "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),   "t" : NumberLong(1)  },  "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),  "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z") }, "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1), "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1), "electionCandidateMetrics" : {  "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",  "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.409Z"),  "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),  "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {   "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),   "t" : NumberLong(-1)  },  "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {   "ts" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),   "t" : NumberLong(-1)  },  "numVotesNeeded" : 2,  "priorityAtElection" : 1,  "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),  "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),  "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.444Z"),  "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:34.050Z") }, "members" : [  {   "_id" : 0,   "name" : "192.168.128.208:27017",   "health" : 1,   "state" : 1,   "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",   "uptime" : 5950,   "optime" : {    "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),    "t" : NumberLong(1)   },   "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),   "syncingTo" : "",   "syncSourceHost" : "",   "syncSourceId" : -1,   "infoMessage" : "",   "electionTime" : Timestamp(1596792693, 1),   "electionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33Z"),   "configVersion" : 1,   "self" : true,   "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""  },  {   "_id" : 1,   "name" : "192.168.128.209:27017",   "health" : 1,   "state" : 2,   "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",   "uptime" : 5882,   "optime" : {    "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),    "t" : NumberLong(1)   },   "optimeDurable" : {    "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),    "t" : NumberLong(1)   },   "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),   "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),   "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),   "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.804Z"),   "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),   "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",   "syncingTo" : "192.168.128.208:27017",   "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.128.208:27017",   "syncSourceId" : 0,   "infoMessage" : "",   "configVersion" : 1  },  {   "_id" : 2,   "name" : "192.168.128.209:28017",   "health" : 1,   "state" : 7,   "stateStr" : "ARBITER",   "uptime" : 5882,   "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),   "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.952Z"),   "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),   "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",   "syncingTo" : "",   "syncSourceHost" : "",   "syncSourceId" : -1,   "infoMessage" : "",   "configVersion" : 1  } ], "ok" : 1, "$clusterTime" : {  "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),  "signature" : {   "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),   "keyId" : NumberLong(0)  } }, "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1)}test1:PRIMARY>

3 修改为认证模式

为考虑安全性等，需要开启认证模式（需要通过用户名/密码方式登录）

3.1 创建用户

创建超级管理员账号

test1:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "Root#123", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})Successfully added user: { "user" : "root", "roles" : [  {   "role" : "root",   "db" : "admin"  } ]}

3.2 创建key文件

在主库上执行脚本生成key文件，然后将结拷贝到另外2个节点

[root@m1 mongodb]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/[root@m1 keyfile]# openssl rand -base64 756 > mongo.key[root@m1 keyfile]# chmod 600 mongo.key # 必须修改为600权限，否则无法启动

以上完成后，将文件复制到另外2个节点

3.3 修改配置文件

配置文件中 添加如下内容，注意不同节点的文件路径

security: authorization: enabled clusterAuthMode: keyFile keyFile: /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/mongo.key

3.4 重启后并用认证模式登陆

# 关闭mongodb[root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf -shutdownkilling process with pid: 30675# 启动mongodb[root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.forked process: 2430child process started successfully, parent exiting# 认证模式登陆[root@m1 keyfile]# [root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo -u root -p 'Root#123' --authenticationDatabase admin

至此，mongodb 副本集搭建完毕，你会了吗？

总结

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